Scales

Destination Image Scale (DIS)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Destination Image Scale (DIS) developed by Baloglu and McCleary (1999),...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Tourist Wellbeing Scale (TWS)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Tourist Wellbeing Scale (TWS), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Travel Involvement Scale (TIS)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Travel Involvement Scale (TIS), evaluating tourist involvement across Pleasure, Sign...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Memorable Tourist Experience Scale (MTES)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Memorable Tourist Experience Scale (MTES) developed by Jong-Hee Kim....

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Tourist Motivation Scale

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Tourist Motivation Scale (TMS), developed by Yoon and Uysal....

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Cultural Distance Perception Scale (CDPS)

A comprehensive psychometric analysis of the Cultural Distance Perception Scale (CDPS), measuring perceived cultural distance...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Local–Global Identity Scale

The Local–Global Identity Scale (LGIS) measures the relative salience of an individual's identification with their...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Global Consumer Culture Scale

A comprehensive academic psychometric evaluation of the Global Consumer Culture Scale (GCCS), examining its theoretical...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Individualism–Collectivism Scale (INDCOL)

A psychometric review and complete reference of the 16-item Individualism–Collectivism Scale (INDCOL) developed by Harry...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti