Scales

Perceived Brand Model Improvement (PBMI)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Perceived Brand Model Improvement (PBMI) scale developed by Dagogo-Jack and...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Forgiveness

A comprehensive academic psychometric profile of the Brand Forgiveness (BF) scale, examining its theoretical foundations,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Brand Exclusivity (PBE)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Perceived Brand Exclusivity (PBE) scale, examining its theoretical framework,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Blameworthiness (BW)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Blameworthiness (BW) scale developed and validated by Johnson, Folkes,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Observer Blame Attribution (OBA)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Observer Blame Attribution (OBA) scale developed by Wan and...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Situational Behavioural Control (SBC)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Situational Behavioural Control (SBC) scale developed by Consiglio, De...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Webpage Sensory Appeal (WSA)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Webpage Sensory Appeal (WSA) scale developed by Bleier, Harmeling,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Webpage Informativeness (WI)

A detailed psychometric examination of the Webpage Informativeness (WI) scale adapted by Bleier, Harmeling, and...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Webpage Entertainment Value (WEV)

The Webpage Entertainment Value (WEV) scale is a 3-item semantic differential measure adapted by Bleier,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Attitude Toward Sponsorship as a Practice

Comprehensive academic psychometric review of the Attitude Toward Sponsorship as a Practice (ATSP) scale developed...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti