Scales

Service Convenience Scale (SERV-CON)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Service Convenience Scale (SERV-CON), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Customer Loyalty Scale (CLS-Zeithaml)

The Customer Loyalty Scale (CLS-Zeithaml), developed by Zeithaml, Berry, and Parasuraman (1996), is the gold...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Country-of-Origin Image Scale (COO-Nagashima)

A comprehensive academic psychometric evaluation of the Country-of-Origin Image Scale (COO-Nagashima), detailing its 20 semantic...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Nostalgia Scale (CNS)

A detailed psychometric profile of the Consumer Nostalgia Scale (CNS) developed by Morris B. Holbrook...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Parasocial Interaction Scale (PSI)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Parasocial Interaction Scale (PSI) developed by Rubin, Perse, and...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Luxury Value Perception Scale

The Luxury Value Perception Scale (LVPS), created by Wiedmann, Hennigs, and Siebels (2009), measures consumer...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Attachment Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Brand Attachment Scale (BA-Park), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Psychological Adaptation Scale

A psychometric review and detailed academic documentation of the Psychological Adaptation Scale (PAS), evaluating its...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Personality Scale (BPS)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Brand Personality Scale (BPS) developed by Jennifer Aaker, detailing...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Sponsorship Authenticity Scale (SAS)

The Sponsorship Authenticity Scale (SAS) is a 15-item psychometric instrument measuring consumer perceptions of brand...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Risk Scale (PRS)

A comprehensive academic evaluation of the Perceived Risk Scale (PRS) established by Jacoby and Kaplan...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti