Scales

Word of Mouth Intentions Scale (WOM)

A comprehensive psychometric analysis of the Word of Mouth Intentions Scale (WOM) developed by Zeithaml,...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Attitude Toward the Ad Scale (Aad)

The Attitude Toward the Ad Scale (Aad) is an essential 3-item semantic differential instrument measuring...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Self-Brand Connection Scale

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Self-Brand Connection Scale (SBC) developed by Escalas and Bettman...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Hedonic and Utilitarian Attitudes Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Hedonic and Utilitarian Attitudes Scale (HUTA), covering its theoretical...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Value Scale (PERVAL)

The Perceived Value Scale (PERVAL), developed by Jillian C. Sweeney and Geoffrey N. Soutar, is...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Purchase Intention Scale (PINT)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Purchase Intention Scale (PINT) developed by Dodds, Monroe, and...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Customer Satisfaction Scale (CSAT)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the 6-item Customer Satisfaction Scale (CSAT), covering its theoretical foundation...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

SERVQUAL

A comprehensive academic guide to the SERVQUAL scale by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988), examining...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Brand Identification Scale

The Consumer Brand Identification Scale (CBIS) measures the degree to which consumers define themselves by...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Trust Scale

The Brand Trust Scale (BTS), developed by Chaudhuri and Holbrook (2001), is a validated 4-item...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Materialism Values Scale (MVS)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Materialism Values Scale (MVS) developed by Marsha L. Richins...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Personal Involvement Inventory (PII)

A comprehensive psychometric analysis of the Personal Involvement Inventory (PII) developed by Judith Lynne Zaichkowsky...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti