Scales

Brand Distinctiveness (BD)

The Brand Distinctiveness (BD) scale, developed by Mita Sujan and James R. Bettman (1989), is...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Duke University Religion Index (DUREL)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), reviewing its psychometric properties,...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Community Interest (BCI)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Brand Community Interest (BCI) scale developed by John W. Schouten,...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Extrinsic Religious Values Scale (ERV)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Extrinsic Religious Values Scale (ERV), developed by Warner C....

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Betrayal (BET)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Betrayal (BET) scale by Bardhi, Price, and Arnould (2005),...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Faith Maturity Scale (FMS)

The Faith Maturity Scale (FMS), developed by Benson, Donahue, and Erickson (1993), is a premier...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Behavioral Control (BC)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Behavioral Control (BC) scale developed by Pratibha A. Dabholkar...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Behavioral Control

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Behavioral Control Scale developed by Michael K. Hui and...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Attribution of Blame (AOB)

The Attribution of Blame (AOB) scale is a 3-item semantic differential instrument developed by Yany...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Attractiveness (ATT)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Attractiveness (ATT) scale developed by Jennifer J. Argo and...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti