Scales

Spendthrift–Tightwad Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Spendthrift–Tightwad Scale (STS), developed by Rick, Cryder, and Loewenstein...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Product Retention Tendency Scale

The Product Retention Tendency (PRT) Scale, developed by Haws, Naylor, Coulter, and Bearden (2012), is...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti