Scales

Need for Uniqueness Scale (NFU)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Need for Uniqueness Scale (NFU / CNFU) developed by...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

AI Trust Scale (AIT)

The AI Trust Scale (AIT) is a validated psychometric instrument designed to evaluate user trust...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS-Faber)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS-Faber), detailing its regression-based scoring formula, psychometric...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Online Trust Scale (OTS)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Online Trust Scale (OTS) developed by Gefen, Karahanna, and...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Social Media Engagement Scale

The Social Media Engagement Scale (SMES), developed by Schivinski, Christodoulides, and Dabrowski (2016), measures consumer...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Word of Mouth Intentions Scale (WOM)

A comprehensive psychometric analysis of the Word of Mouth Intentions Scale (WOM) developed by Zeithaml,...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Attitude Toward the Ad Scale (Aad)

The Attitude Toward the Ad Scale (Aad) is an essential 3-item semantic differential instrument measuring...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Self-Brand Connection Scale

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Self-Brand Connection Scale (SBC) developed by Escalas and Bettman...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Hedonic and Utilitarian Attitudes Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Hedonic and Utilitarian Attitudes Scale (HUTA), covering its theoretical...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Value Scale (PERVAL)

The Perceived Value Scale (PERVAL), developed by Jillian C. Sweeney and Geoffrey N. Soutar, is...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti